PUBLIC MARKS with tags ai & book

這本書最合我胃口的是第二章〈小心！前有機器車〉，探討作者對機器自走車的實務經驗。裡面提到作者Hans Moravec在 Mobile Robot Laboratory 接受 Denning Mobile Robotics 委託，研究如何以二十四個聲納組成的障礙偵測裝置，量測、取得的距離資料，完成自主機器車導航的任務。

The leading textbook in Artificial Intelligence. Used in over 1000 universities in 91 countries (over 90% market share). The 85th most cited publication on Citeseer.

布魯克教授一生鑽研機器人學的理論與應用，本書可說是他以畢生功力寫成的「機器人大全」。然而除了機器人學，他在書中還花了相當多的篇幅，介紹人工智慧、人工生命、人機介面、仿生學

Impossible Minds: My Neurons, My Consciousness has been written to satisfy the curiosity each and every one of us has about our own consciousness. It takes the view that the neurons in our heads are the source of consciousness and attempts to explain how

This original and timely collection is one of the first books to study neural development using computational and mathematical modeling. Modeling provides precise and exact ways of expression, which allow us to go beyond the insights that intuitive or com

Not consciousness, but knowledge of consciousness: that is what this book communicates in a fascinating way. Consciousness is the thread that links the disappearing gorilla with the octopus suffering from a stomach ache, and the person under anaesthetic w

《創智慧》，原書《On Intelligence》，作者 Hawkins 提出一套大腦新皮質（neocortex）運作的理論：

智慧究竟是什麼？二十多年來人工智慧和神經網路等想要模擬人類智慧的嘗試失敗，正是因為他們沒有先了解什麼是智慧。霍金斯提出一個強有力的理論，解釋人類大腦是怎樣運作以及為什麼他

在二十一世紀的某一天，人類將開始學習如何與具有七情六慾的電腦相處。以前人們眼中冰冷的機器，將隨著進化的巨輪演變成人性化的獨立自主個體。人類創造電腦，而電腦最後卻可能控制人

Recent decades have produced a blossoming of research in artificial systems that exhibit important properties of mind. But what exactly is this dramatic new work and how does it change the way we think about the mind, or even about who or what has mind?

在〈The fitness of things〉文末提到的《矽眼》，我這個月初在網路上得知此書，於 8 號溜到政大書城購買，當天就熬夜將它閱讀完畢、畫上重點、附上書籤。原本想個評介的，想想還是把我批註的部份整理整理，將內文摘錄摘錄就好：

Black and White 2 AI I played Black and White 2 for many hours yesterday. The computer player and I were in a stalemate. The computer kept sending armies against me and I kept defeating them. I had built my town with walls around it, and then put archers on top of the walls. I was building up my strength while defending myself, in preparation for a big attack. I felt pretty safe. After around 40 attacks, I realized that they weren't all the same. The computer wasn't using the same attackers each time. It tried the creature, archers, swordsmen, and catapults. It tried combinations of them. Sometimes it would come through my main entrance, and sometimes it would come around the back entrance to the city. The computer player also destroyed major sections of the city using the “earthquake” power, but I recovered from these too. After a while the enemy creature figured out that he should kick my wall in. His archers and swordsmen stayed back, out of range, while the creature came up and destroyed my wall, including the archers on it. After it breached the wall, the army swarmed into my town and killed half my people. I rebuilt my wall and started to recover, but the computer's newly discovered strategy worked well. It tried several variants but kept going back to the same approach: kick down the wall, then swarm the town. This forced me to try some new strategies. Although being on the wall has advantages, it leaves the archers vulnerable when the enemy creature attacks the wall. So I moved them behind the wall. I've also learned to open my gate, wait for the enemy army to get close, then close the gate and set their army on fire. I have no good strategy for the creature knocking down my wall though, and I'm constantly losing townspeople and then rebuilding. After a long stalemate, the computer AI learned how to attack more effectively, and now I'm having trouble keeping my city safe. I'm very impressed by the AI. I'm not sure how it's programmed, but it tried out many different things and learned which ones work the best. From the game AI techniques I've learned (genetic algorithms, neural networks, fuzzy logic, state machines, etc.), the AI in Black and White 2 seems to match most closely with what I know about reinforcement learning. It's a technique that uses online learning (observing results as the game is played) instead of training (from examples constructed ahead of time), allows both exploration (trying new things in order to learn) and exploitation (taking advantage of what you've learned), and associates rewards (like whether the attack was successful) with actions (like kicking down the wall and keeping the army away from my archers). I recommend Sutton and Barto's book if you want to learn more. It's entirely possible though that the game uses something much simpler that just happens to look impressive, but my guess is that it's using reinforcement learning. — Amit — Monday, December 12, 2005 Comments: Post a Comment Links to this post:

the links of books, review, and project for Edelman's Neural Darwinism

既然有同好出現，那我也不好藏私，這裡就再貼一下當初是從哪裡知道這個東東的：

　　我們正在研究自我組織與學習的原理，使系統自行發展出智慧。

try to explain how the mind works